Download Raw Spending Data Series 1792-2016

You can download any of the raw data series used to compile the government spending data in usgovernmentspending.com. You select the data series you want and then copy-paste the tab delimited data from a textbox on this page into your spreadsheet.

Warning: The raw data series typically do not extend the whole length of US history. Check out charts if you want full-length data series.

Download Instructions:

Prepare a suite of data for download by making a selection from one of the dropdown menus below. You can select:

1. A group of functionally related spending data series
2. An individual spending data series

Select Functional Data Series Group: Select a group of data series to download (you can add individual data series later):

<select functional data series group>11 Executive and legislative organs, financ (20 series)12 Foreign economic aid (5 series)13 General services (3 series)14 Basic research (1 series)16 General public services n.e.c. (16 series)17 Public debt transactions (8 series)18 Transfers of a general character between (3 series)21 Military defense (4 series)23 Foreign military aid (1 series)25 Defence n.e.c. (1 series)26 Veterans (12 series)31 Police services (6 series)32 Fire-protection services (4 series)33 Law courts (5 series)34 Prisons (8 series)36 Public order and safety n.e.c. (3 series)41 General economic, commercial and labour (1 series)42 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunti (20 series)43 Fuel and energy (17 series)45 Transport (28 series)46 Communication (2 series)47 Other industries (5 series)49 Economic affairs n.e.c. (6 series)4A Transit (5 series)51 Waste management (3 series)52 Waste water management (4 series)53 Pollution abatement (2 series)54 Protection of biodiversity and landscape (1 series)61 Housing development (1 series)62 Community development (6 series)63 Water supply (7 series)73 Medical service (15 series)74 Public health services (7 series)75 R&D Health (1 series)77 Medical service (Seniors) (1 series)78 Vendor Payments (Welfare) (6 series)81 Recreational and sporting services (5 series)91 Pre-primary thru secondary education (6 series)94 Tertiary education (8 series)95 Education not definable by level (16 series)A1 Sickness and disability (2 series)A2 Old age (10 series)A4 Family and children (5 series)A5 Unemployment (8 series)A6 Housing (8 series)A7 Social exclusion n.e.c. (13 series)A9 Social protection n.e.c. (3 series)AA Unemployment trust (2 series)F1 Total (30 series)G1 Total Spending (2 series)G2 Total Revenue (2 series)H1 Public Debt (22 series)H2 Public Debt Held by Government (2 series)H3 Monetized Public Debt (2 series)

Add Individual Data Series: Select Spending Data Series to add to download (you can add more later):

<select to add data series>000 Total federal outlays051 Department of DefenseΓÇöMilitary053 Atomic energy defense activities054 Defense-related activities059 Defense Overseas Contingency Operations151 International development and humanitarian assistance152 International security assistance153 Conduct of foreign affairs154 Foreign information and exchange activities155 International financial programs251 General science and basic research252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities271 Energy supply272 Energy conservation274 Emergency energy preparedness276 Energy information, policy, and regulation301 Water resources302 Conservation and land management303 Recreational resources304 Pollution control and abatement306 Other natural resources351 Farm income stabilization352 Agricultural research and services371 Mortgage credit372 Postal Service373 Deposit insurance376 Other advancement of commerce401 Ground transportation402 Air transportation403 Water transportation407 Other transportation41A Long Term Debt Outstanding - Full Faith and Credit - Water Utilities (Disc. 2005)41B Long Term Debt Outstanding - Full Faith and Credit - Electric Utilities (Disc. 2005)41C Long Term Debt Outstanding - Full Faith and Credit - Gas Utilities (Disc. 2005)41D Long Term Debt Outstanding - Full Faith and Credit - Transit Utilities (Disc. 2005)41F Long Term Debt Outstanding - Full Faith and Credit - Elementary and Secondary Educati41G Long Term Debt Outstanding - Full Faith and Credit - Higher Education (Disc. 2005)41X Long Term Debt Outstanding - Full Faith and Credit - Other, NEC (Disc. 2005)44A Long Term Debt Outstanding Nonguaranteed - Water Utilities (Disc. 2005)44B Long Term Debt Outstanding Nonguaranteed - Electric Utilities (Disc. 2005)44C Long Term Debt Outstanding Nonguaranteed - Gas Utilities (Disc. 2005)44D Long Term Debt Outstanding Nonguaranteed - Transit Utilities (Disc. 2005)44F Long Term Debt Outstanding Nonguaranteed - Elementary and Secondary Education (Disc. 44G Long Term Debt Outstanding Nonguaranteed - Higher Education (Disc. 2005)44T Long-term Debt Outstanding, End Of Fiscal Year, Public Debt For Private Purposes44X Long Term Debt Outstanding Nonguaranteed - Other, NEC (Disc. 2005)451 Community development452 Area and regional development453 Disaster relief and insurance49U Long Term Debt Outstanding Unspecified Public Purpose501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education502 Higher education503 Research and general education aids504 Training and employment505 Other labor services506 Social services551 Health care services552 Health research and training554 Consumer and occupational health and safety571 Medicare601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security (Disc. 2005)602 Federal employee retirement and disability603 Unemployment compensation604 Housing assistance605 Food and nutrition assistance609 Other income security64V Short Term Debt Outstanding - End of Fiscal Year651 Social security701 Income security for veterans702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation703 Hospital and medical care for veterans704 Veterans housing705 Other veterans benefits and services751 Federal law enforcement activities752 Federal litigative and judicial activities753 Federal correctional activities754 Criminal justice assistance801 Legislative functions802 Executive direction and management803 Central fiscal operations804 General property and records management805 Central personnel management806 General purpose fiscal assistance808 Other general government809 Deductions for offsetting receipts890 Troubled Asset Relief Program891 Financial stablization efforts892 Disaster costs901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross)902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds908 Other interest909 Other investment income921 Bipartisan economic security plan922 Allowance for anticipated supplemental923 National emergency reserve924 Spectrum relocation925 Debt collection initiatives926 Adjustment to certain pass-through accounts927 Contingent offset for the refundable portion of the health care tax credit929 Other allowances951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget)952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget)953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf954 Sale of major assets959 Other undistributed offsetting receiptsB01 Federal Intergovernmental - Air TransportationB21 Federal Intergovernmental – EducationB22 Federal Intergovernmental - Employment Security AdministrationB30 Federal Intergovernmental - General Local Government SupportB42 Federal Intergovernmental - Health and HospitalsB43 Intergovernmental Revenue from Federal - Environmental Health (NEW for 2007)B46 Federal Intergovernmental - HighwaysB50 Federal Intergovernmental - Housing and Community DevelopmentB54 Federal Intergovernmental - Natural Resources, Agriculture (Disc. 2005)B59 Federal Intergovernmental - Natural ResourcesB79 Federal Intergovernmental - Public WelfareB80 Federal Intergovernmental - SewerageB89 Federal Intergovernmental - All OtherB91 Federal Intergovernmental - Water UtilitiesB92 Federal Intergovernmental - Electric UtilitiesB93 Federal Intergovernmental - Gas UtilitiesB94 Federal Intergovernmental - Transit UtilitiesE00 Total state/local outlaysE01 Current Operations - Air TransportationE03 Current Operations - Miscellaneous Commercial Activities, NECE04 Current Operations - Correctional InstitutionsE05 Current Operations - Corrections - OtherE12 Current Operations - Elementary and Secondary EducationE16 Current Operations - Higher Education Auxiliary EnterprisesE18 Current Operations - Other Higher EducationE19 Current Operations - Educational Scholarships, Assistance, and Subsidies (Disc. 2005)E21 Current Operations - State Education - OtherE22 Current Operations - Social Insurance AdministrationE23 Current Operations - Financial AdministrationE24 Current Operations - Local Fire ProtectionE25 Current Operations - Judicial and Legal ServicesE26 Current Operations - State Legislative ServicesE27 Current Operations - Environmental Health (NEW for 2007)E29 Current Operations - Central Staff ServicesE31 Current Operations - General Public BuildingsE32 Current Operations - Health - OtherE36 Current Operations - HospitalsE38 Current Operations - Hospitals - Other (Disc. 2005)E44 Current Operations - Regular HighwaysE45 Current Operations - Toll HighwaysE47 Current Operations - Private Transit Subsidies (Disc. 2005)E50 Current Operations - Housing and Community DevelopmentE52 Current Operations - LibrariesE54 Current Operations - Agriculture - Other (Disc. 2005)E55 Current Operations - State Fish and GameE56 Current Operations - State ForestryE59 Current Operations - Natural Resources - OtherE60 Current Operations - Parking FacilitiesE61 Current Operations - Parks and RecreationE62 Current Operations - Police ProtectionE66 Current Operations - Protective Inspection and Regulation, NECE67 Current Operations - Welfare, Federal Categorical Assistance Programs (Disc. 2005)E68 Current Operations - Welfare, Cash Assistance - Other (Disc. 2005)E73 Current Operations - Welfare, Payments to Medicare Trust Fund (NEW for 2007; previousE74 Current Operations - Public Welfare, Vendor Payments for Medical CareE75 Current Operations - Public Welfare, Vendor Payments for Other PurposesE77 Current Operations - Public Welfare InstitutionsE79 Current Operations - Public Welfare - OtherE80 Current Operations - SewerageE81 Current Operations - Solid Waste ManagementE84 Current Operations - Veterans Bonuses (Disc. 2005)E85 Current Operations - State Veterans' ServicesE87 Current Operations - Sea and Inland Port FacilitiesE89 Current Operations - General - OtherE90 Current Operations - Liquor StoresE91 Current Operations - Water UtilitiesE92 Current Operations - Electric UtilitiesE93 Current Operations - Gas UtilitiesE94 Current Operations - Transit UtilitiesF01 Construction - Air TransportationF03 Construction - Miscellaneous Commercial Activities, NECF04 Construction - Correctional InstitutionsF05 Construction - Corrections - OtherF12 Construction - Elementary and Secondary EducationF16 Construction - Higher Education - Auxiliary EnterprisesF18 Construction - Other Higher EducationF21 Construction - State Education - OtherF22 Construction - Social Insurance AdministrationF23 Construction - Financial AdministrationF24 Construction - Local Fire ProtectionF25 Construction - Judicial and Legal ServicesF26 Construction - State Legislative ServicesF27 Construction - Environmental Health (NEW for 2007)F29 Construction - Central Staff ServicesF31 Construction - General Public BuildingsF32 Construction - Health - OtherF36 Construction - HospitalsF38 Construction - Hospitals - Other (Disc. 2005)F44 Construction - Regular HighwaysF45 Construction - Toll HighwaysF47 Construction - Private Transit SubsidiesF50 Construction - Housing and Community DevelopmentF52 Construction - LibrariesF54 Construction - Agriculture - Other (Disc. 2005)F55 Construction - State Fish and GameF56 Construction - State ForestryF59 Construction - Natural Resources - OtherF60 Construction - Parking FacilitiesF61 Construction - Parks and RecreationF62 Construction - Police ProtectionF66 Construction - Protective Inspection and Regulation, NECF75 Construction - Public Welfare, Vendor Payments for Other PurposesF77 Construction - Public Welfare InstitutionsF79 Construction - Public Welfare - OtherF80 Construction - SewerageF81 Construction - Solid Waste ManagementF85 Construction - State Veterans' ServicesF87 Construction - Sea and Inland Port FacilitiesF89 Construction - General - OtherF90 Construction - Liquor StoresF91 Construction - Water UtilitiesF92 Construction - Electric UtilitiesF93 Construction - Gas UtilitiesF94 Construction - Transit UtilitiesFAG Farm income stablizationFAI Air transportationFDB Gross Public DebtFDE MilitaryFDF Debt Held by Public: Federal Reserve SystemFDG Debt Held by Federal Government AccountsFDO Debt Held by Public: OtherFED EducationFFI Financial and ControlFFO InternationalFHE HealthFHH HospitalsFHI Highways FHO Housing and urban renewalFIN Interest on general debtFLE PoliceFNR Natural ResourcesFOT Other SpendingFPO Postal ServiceFRE Employee retirementFSS OASDIFTR Total RevenueFTS Total SpendingFUN Unemployment compensation/insuranceFVE VeteransFVL Veterans life insuranceFWA Water transportationFWE Public WelfareG01 Other Capital Outlay - Air TransportationG03 Other Capital Outlay - Miscellaneous Commercial Activities, NECG04 Other Capital Outlay - Correctional InstitutionsG05 Other Capital Outlay - Corrections - OtherG12 Other Capital Outlay - Elementary and Secondary EducationG16 Other Capital Outlay - Higher Education - Auxiliary EnterprisesG18 Other Capital Outlay - Other Higher EducationG21 Other Capital Outlay - State Education - OtherG22 Other Capital Outlay - Social Insurance AdministrationG23 Other Capital Outlay - Financial AdministrationG24 Other Capital Outlay - Local Fire ProtectionG25 Other Capital Outlay - Judicial and Legal ServicesG26 Other Capital Outlay - State Legislative ServicesG27 Other Capital Outlay - Environmental Health (NEW for 2007)G29 Other Capital Outlay - Central Staff ServicesG31 Other Capital Outlay - General Public BuildingG32 Other Capital Outlay - Health - OtherG36 Other Capital Outlay - HospitalsG38 Other Capital Outlay - Hospitals - Other (Disc. 2005)G44 Other Capital Outlay - Regular HighwaysG45 Other Capital Outlay - Toll HighwaysG47 Other Capital Outlay - Private Transit SubsidiesG50 Other Capital Outlay - Housing and Community DevelopmentG52 Other Capital Outlay - LibrariesG54 Other Capital Outlay - Agriculture - Other (Disc. 2005)G55 Other Capital Outlay - State Fish and GameG56 Other Capital Outlay - State ForestryG59 Other Capital Outlay - Natural Resources - OtherG60 Other Capital Outlay - Parking FacilitiesG61 Other Capital Outlay - Parks and RecreationG62 Other Capital Outlay - Police ProtectionG66 Other Capital Outlay - Protective Inspection and Regulation, NECG75 Other Capital Outlay - Public Welfare, Vendor Payments for Other PurposesG77 Other Capital Outlay - Public Welfare InstitutionsG79 Other Capital Outlay - Public Welfare - OtherG80 Other Capital Outlay - SewerageG81 Other Capital Outlay - Solid Waste ManagementG85 Other Capital Outlay - State Veterans' ServicesG87 Other Capital Outlay - Sea and Inland Port FacilitiesG89 Other Capital Outlay - General - OtherG90 Other Capital Outlay - Liquor StoresG91 Other Capital Outlay - Water UtilitiesG92 Other Capital Outlay - Electric UtilitiesG93 Other Capital Outlay - Gas UtilitiesG94 Other Capital Outlay - Transit UtilitiesI89 General - Interest on DebtI91 Water Utilities - Interest on DebtI92 Electric Utilities - Interest on DebtI93 Gas Utilities - Interest on DebtI94 Transit Utilities - Interest on DebtJ19 Assistance and Subsidies - State Scholarships and Other Subsidies - EducationJ67 Assistance and Subsidies - Public Welfare, Federal Categorical Assistance ProgramsJ68 Assistance and Subsidies - Public Welfare, Cash Assistance Programs - OtherJ85 Assistance and Subsidies - Other Veterans ServicesL27 L27M27 Intergovernmental to Local NEC - Environmental Health (NEW for 2007)SAW Air/Water ResourceSCO General controlSCR CorrectionsSDB Total Debt OutstandingSEH State institutions of higher educationSEL Local schoolsSEO Other educationSEP Electric power systemSFA Financial AdministrationSFR Local fire protectionSGA Gas systemSHE HealthSHH HospitalsSHI HighwaysSHO Housing and urban renewalSIN Interest on debtSLI Liquor storesSME Grants to States for MedicaidSNR Natural resourcesSOI Other insuranceSOT Other SpendingSPK Local parks and recreationSPO PoliceSRE Employee retirementSSA Local sanitationSTR Transit systemSTS Total Direct RevenueSUL Liquor/UtilitiesSUN Unemployment compensationSWA Water Supply SystemSWE Categorical public assistanceX11 Employee Retirement - Benefit PaymentsX12 Employee Retirement - WithdrawalsX14 Employee Retirement - Other Payments (Disc. 2005)XED Education intergovernmentalXHH Hospital IntergovXHI Highways intergov.XHO Housing IntergovXME Grants to States for Medicaid intergovXOT Other intergovXRS Revenue Sharing intergovXUN Employment security intergovXWE Public welfare intergovY05 Unemployment Compensation - Benefit PaymentsY06 Unemployment Compensation - Extended and Special PaymentsY14 Workers Compensation - Benefit PaymentsY53 Other In Trust - Benefit PaymentY54 Other In Trust - Other Payments

Change Data Units: You can download data in raw format (i.e., in the units used in the database for each item, or in $ billion, $ million, or percent of GDP.

Select Fiscal Year: You can select the budget for which you want to download estimated federal spending.

fy05fy06fy07fy08fy09fy10fy11

Copy and Paste: When you have created the dataset you want then just copy the tab-delimited text in the textbox below (click cursor in text box, then press ctrl-A then press ctrl-C) and paste it into your spreadsheet.

Year GDP (501) Elementary, secondary, and vocational education (B21) Federal Intergovernmental – Education (E12) Current Operations - Elementary and Secondary Education (F12) Construction - Elementary and Secondary Education (G12) Other Capital Outlay - Elementary and Secondary Education (SEL) Local schools 1902 24 0 0 0 0 0 238 1903 26 0 0 0 0 0 256 1904 26 0 0 0 0 0 275 1905 29 0 0 0 0 0 295 1906 31 0 0 0 0 0 317 1907 34 0 0 0 0 0 340 1908 30 0 0 0 0 0 365 1909 32 0 0 0 0 0 392 1910 33 0 0 0 0 0 421 1911 34 0 0 0 0 0 453 1912 37 0 0 0 0 0 486 1913 39 0 0 0 0 0 522 1914 37 0 0 0 0 0 589 1915 39 0 0 0 0 0 664 1916 50 0 0 0 0 0 749 1917 60 0 0 0 0 0 845 1918 76 0 0 0 0 0 952 1919 78 0 0 0 0 0 1074 1920 88 0 0 0 0 0 1212 1921 74 0 0 0 0 0 1366 1922 73 0 0 0 0 0 1541 1923 85 0 0 0 0 0 1626 1924 87 0 0 0 0 0 1716 1925 91 0 0 0 0 0 1811 1926 97 0 0 0 0 0 1911 1927 96 0 0 0 0 0 2017 1928 97 0 0 0 0 0 2024 1929 104 0 0 0 0 0 2030 1930 91 0 0 0 0 0 2037 1931 77 0 0 0 0 0 2043 1932 59 0 0 0 0 0 2050 1933 56 0 0 0 0 0 1839 1934 66 0 0 0 0 0 1628 1935 73 0 0 0 0 0 1766 1936 84 0 0 0 0 0 1904 1937 92 0 0 0 0 0 2038 1938 86 0 0 0 0 0 2172 1939 92 0 0 0 0 0 2232 1940 101 0 0 0 0 0 2292 1941 127 0 0 0 0 0 2259 1942 162 0 0 0 0 0 2225 1943 199 0 0 0 0 0 2285 1944 220 0 0 0 0 0 2344 1945 223 0 0 0 0 0 2615 1946 222 0 0 0 0 0 2886 1947 244 0 0 0 0 0 3625 1948 269 0 0 0 0 0 4363 1949 267 0 0 0 0 0 5135 1950 294 0 0 0 0 0 5906 1951 339 0 0 0 0 0 6384 1952 358 0 0 0 0 0 6862 1953 379 0 0 0 0 0 7822 1954 380 0 0 0 0 0 8947 1955 415 0 0 0 0 0 10129 1956 437 0 0 0 0 0 11165 1957 461 0 0 0 0 0 11657 1958 467 0 0 0 0 0 13032 1959 507 0 0 0 0 0 14034 1960 526 0 0 0 0 0 15166 1961 545 0 0 0 0 0 16608 1962 586 482 0 0 0 0 17739 1963 618 553 0 0 0 0 18759 1964 664 579 0 0 0 0 20399 1965 719 719 0 0 0 0 21966 1966 788 1627 0 0 0 0 25091 1967 832 2310 0 0 0 0 27590 1968 910 2516 0 0 0 0 29305 1969 984 2470 0 0 0 0 33752 1970 1038 2893 0 0 0 0 37461 1971 1127 3333 0 0 0 0 41766 1972 1238 3686 0 0 0 0 45658 1973 1382 3573 0 0 0 0 48789 1974 1500 3573 0 0 0 0 53059 1975 1638 4349 0 0 0 0 61485 1976 1825 4200 0 0 0 0 67674 1977 2030 4638 0 0 0 0 71546 1978 2294 5186 0 0 0 0 76703 1979 2562 6123 0 0 0 0 83385 1980 2788 6893 0 0 0 0 92930 1981 3127 7099 0 0 0 0 100535 1982 3253 6722 0 0 0 0 105761 1983 3535 6258 0 0 0 0 112945 1984 3931 6483 0 0 0 0 120896 1985 4218 7598 0 0 0 0 131987 1986 4460 7802 0 0 0 0 145111 1987 4736 7869 0 0 0 0 156910 1988 5100 8377 0 0 0 0 169694 1989 5482 9150 0 0 0 0 185851 1990 5801 9918 0 0 0 0 202009 1991 5992 11372 0 0 0 0 217643 1992 6342 12402 27791000 205736000 14826700 6594180 0 1993 6667 13481 30412900 218208000 14249200 7852690 0 1994 7085 14258 32203600 227289000 12817900 6874960 0 1995 7415 14694 34044800 239433000 15303700 9504190 0 1996 7839 14871 36224300 250485000 19770000 9097910 0 1997 8270 15073 35986400 261774000 22923800 9900290 0 1998 8727 16606 38922300 281867000 25030500 11167100 0 1999 9287 17589 42050800 299104000 28338000 12429700 0 2000 9884 20578 45873500 320031000 32389400 12760300 0 2001 10218 22858 50101200 339450000 36511100 12802200 0 2002 10572 25879 55997100 357922000 40555200 12739100 0 2003 11068 31473 61767100 378186000 40948400 12259500 0 2004 11789 34360 70335100 398900000 41176700 11865100 0 2005 12555 38271 74744700 419280000 42244200 12319200 0 2006 13311 39710 78302200 441768000 47531700 13196000 0 2007 13969 38427 79520700 469448000 51889400 13642900 0 2008 14271 38918 80640400 495431000 55131000 15154500 0 2009 14015 53206 88822900 508256000 56226900 13114400 0 2010 14552 73261 0 0 0 0 0 2011 15080 78226 0 0 0 0 0 2012 15813 49944 0 0 0 0 0 2013 16752 42744 0 0 0 0 0 2014 17782 42612 0 0 0 0 0 2015 18804 42633 0 0 0 0 0 2016 19791 42671 0 0 0 0 0

Here is a formatted version of the data you have selected.You can remove a data series by selecting “out” in the dropdown for each data series.

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State Finances Update for FY 2010

On December 14, 2011 the US Census Bureau released data on state finances for FY 2010 here, including spending and revenue for each individual state and for all states combined.

On December 27, 2011 we updated state and local spending and revenue data as follows:

1. We replaced "guesstimated" state spending and revenue data for FY2010 using the data from the Census Bureau.
2. We replaced "guesstimated" local spending and revenue data for FY 2010 with estimates for each spending and revenue category using the trends in state finances between FY 2009 and FY 2010.
3. We replaced "guesstimated" state revenue data for FY 2011 with data from the Census Bureau's quarterly state tax summary here.
4. We replaced "guesstimated" local revenue data for FY 2011 with estimates for each category using trends for each category of state revenue between FY 2010 and FY 2011.
5. We replaced "guesstimated" state and local spending and revenue for FY 2012 thru FY2017 with new guesstimates based on the latest Census Bureau data for FY 2010 state finances and FY 2011 quarterly tax data.

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usgovernmentspending.com was designed and executed by:

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Mutual Aid

In 1911... at least nine million of the 12 million covered by national insurance were already members of voluntary sick pay schemes. A similar proportion were also eligible for medical care.
Green, Reinventing Civil Society

Education

“We have met with families in which for weeks together, not an article of sustenance but potatoes had been used; yet for every child the hard-earned sum was provided to send them to school.”
E. G. West, Education and the State

Democratic Capitalism

Three dynamic and converging systems functioning as one: a democratic polity, an economy based on markets and incentives, and a moral-cultural system which is plural and, in the largest sense, liberal.
Michael Novak, The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism

Government Expenditure

The Union publishes an exact return of the amount of its taxes; I can get copies of the budgets of the four and twenty component states; but who can tell me what the citizens spend in the administration of county and township?
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America