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Which state has the highest state and local debt?

In 2019 it is “guesstimated” that New York State had the highest state and local debt as percent of GSP.

State Growth And Debt Rank

Rank the 50 states for state and local spending and debt.

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US State and Local Government Spending Spending and Debt
ranked by: $ billion
-5yr -1yr   Fiscal Year 2023 
StateState &
Local
Spending
State &
Local
Debt
 Delaware$16.6$7.6 more
 Wisconsin$82.0$55.5 more
 New York$443.0$332.3 more
 Mississippi$37.4$14.5 more
 Georgia$127.5$61.3 more
 District of Columbia$24.8$21.9 more
 Minnesota$88.0$51.3 more
 New Hampshire$16.4$10.2 more
 Ohio$158.7$67.1 more
 Iowa$46.3$23.5 more
 Illinois$211.5$130.9 more
 Vermont$11.3$3.9 more
 Indiana$81.8$41.8 more
 Michigan$133.1$75.1 more
 New Jersey$150.8$87.5 more
 Rhode Island$17.5$13.3 more
 Massachusetts$130.4$94.4 more
 Maine$19.4$8.7 more
 Hawaii$24.1$20.4 more
 California$845.6$580.2 more
 Connecticut$55.3$43.8 more
 Maryland$96.0$61.3 more
 Oregon$81.4$45.7 more
 Pennsylvania$196.4$113.3 more
 Missouri$76.2$28.1 more
 Montana$14.1$5.9 more
 Virginia$124.5$80.0 more
 South Dakota$10.9$7.3 more
 Utah$48.7$24.0 more
 Arkansas$35.8$18.4 more
 Alabama$64.8$27.9 more
 Nevada$36.1$22.5 more
 Arizona$92.0$38.4 more
 North Carolina$133.8$45.5 more
 Colorado$89.8$77.2 more
 All states combined$5,133.3$3,186.3 more
 Louisiana$65.8$28.9 more
 Tennessee$80.2$41.8 more
 Idaho$20.7$3.6 more
 Kentucky$65.9$29.5 more
 South Carolina$68.3$36.4 more
 New Mexico$38.5$13.3 more
 Kansas$40.5$23.9 more
 West Virginia$24.2$23.8 more
 Washington$131.9$86.1 more
 Florida$269.9$131.8 more
 Nebraska$31.3$14.8 more
 Oklahoma$46.6$21.6 more
 Alaska$17.3$8.6 more
 Wyoming$11.7$2.3 more
 Texas$385.0$370.2 more
 North Dakota$13.1$9.0 more
Notes: actual

Data Sources:
State GDP Information
Federal: Fed. Budget: Hist. Tables 3.2, 5.1, 7.1
State and Local: State and Local Gov. Finances
'Guesstimated' by projecting the latest change in reported spending forward to future years

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Spending Data Sources

Spending data is from official government sources.

Gross Domestic Product data comes from US Bureau of Economic Analysis and measuringworth.com.

Detailed table of spending data sources here.
Medicare breakdown here; Medicaid breakdown here.

Federal spending data begins in 1792.

State and local spending data begins in 1820.

State and local spending data for individual states begins in 1957.

Gross Federal Debt

Debt Now:  $38,380,536,147,996.03
Debt 2/2020:$23,409,959,150,243.63

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Data Sources for 2023:

GDP, GO: GDP, GO Sources
Federal: Fed. Budget: Hist. Tables 3.2, 5.1, 7.1
State and Local: State and Local Gov. Finances
'Guesstimated' by projecting the latest change in reported spending forward to future years

> data sources for other years
> data update schedule.

Blog

Federal Budget for FY27 Released

On April 4, 2026, we updated usgovernmentspending.com with the numbers from the Public Budget Database in the Budget of the United States Government for Fiscal Year 2027

Here is how headline budget estimates for the upcoming FY 2027 fiscal year have changed since the release of the FY 2025 budget in Winter 2024. There were no budgetary estimates in the budget documents for the FY 2026 budget.

Federal Budget Changes for 2027
$ billionEstimate for 2027
in FY2025 Budget
Estimate for 2027
in FY2027 Budget
Change
Federal Outlays$7,696.6$8,092.9 +$569.1
Federal Receipts$6,186.2$5,921.0+$279.1
Federal Deficit$1,510.3$2,171.9+$290.0

You can see line item changes from budget to budget here. You can compare budget estimates with actuals here.

Account level spending estimates through FY 2031 come from the Outlays table in the Public Budget Database and were updated on usgovernmentspending.com on April 4, 2026.

Account level budget authority estimates through FY 2031 come from the Budget Authority table in the Public Budget Database and were updated on usgovernmentspending.com on April 4, 2026. 

US GDP for 2025 Released
On March 15, 2026 usgovernmentspending.com updated its GDP series with the latest data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis ...

US, State Population Update for 2025
On January 21, 2026 the US Census Bureau released its US national and state population estimates for July 1, 2025.  On February 7, 2026 usgovernmentspending.com updated its US and state popula ...

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